{"id":4460,"date":"2025-09-01T17:23:27","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T16:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/?page_id=4460"},"modified":"2025-12-18T16:31:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T15:31:27","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/index.php\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications_plugin"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"teachpress_pub_list\"><form name=\"tppublistform\" method=\"get\"><a name=\"tppubs\" id=\"tppubs\"><\/a><div class=\"tp_search_input\"><input name=\"tsr\" id=\"tp_search_input_field\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Enter search word\" value=\"\" tabindex=\"1\"\/><\/div><div class=\"teachpress_filter\"><select class=\"block\" title=\"All years\" name=\"yr\" id=\"yr\" tabindex=\"2\">\r\n                   <option value=\"\">All years<\/option>\r\n                   <option value=\"2026\" >2026<\/option><option value=\"2025\" >2025<\/option><option value=\"2024\" >2024<\/option><option value=\"2022\" >2022<\/option><option value=\"2021\" >2021<\/option><option value=\"2020\" >2020<\/option><option value=\"2019\" >2019<\/option><option value=\"2018\" >2018<\/option><option value=\"2017\" >2017<\/option><option value=\"2016\" >2016<\/option><option value=\"2015\" >2015<\/option><option value=\"2014\" >2014<\/option><option value=\"2013\" >2013<\/option><option value=\"2012\" >2012<\/option><option value=\"2011\" >2011<\/option><option value=\"2010\" >2010<\/option><option value=\"2009\" >2009<\/option><option value=\"2008\" >2008<\/option><option value=\"2006\" >2006<\/option><option value=\"2005\" >2005<\/option>\r\n                <\/select><select class=\"block\" title=\"All types\" name=\"type\" id=\"type\" tabindex=\"3\">\r\n                   <option value=\"\">All types<\/option>\r\n                   <option value=\"article\" >Journal Articles<\/option><option value=\"proceedings\" >Proceedings<\/option>\r\n                <\/select><select class=\"block\" title=\"All tags\" name=\"tgid\" id=\"tgid\" tabindex=\"4\">\r\n                   <option value=\"\">All tags<\/option>\r\n                   <option value=\"4\" >Tribology<\/option>\r\n                <\/select><div class=\"teachpress_search_button\"><input name=\"tps_button\" class=\"tp_search_button\" type=\"submit\" tabindex=\"10\" value=\"Search\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/form><div class=\"tablenav\"><div class=\"tablenav-pages\"><span class=\"displaying-num\">40 entries<\/span> <a class=\"page-numbers button disabled\">&laquo;<\/a> <a class=\"page-numbers button disabled\">&lsaquo;<\/a> 1 of 2 <a href=\"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/index.php\/publications\/?limit=2&amp;tgid=&amp;yr=&amp;type=&amp;usr=&amp;auth=&amp;tsr=\" title=\"next page\" class=\"page-numbers button\">&rsaquo;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/index.php\/publications\/?limit=2&amp;tgid=&amp;yr=&amp;type=&amp;usr=&amp;auth=&amp;tsr=\" title=\"last page\" class=\"page-numbers button\">&raquo;<\/a> <\/div><\/div><div class=\"teachpress_publication_list\"><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">1.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Peta, Katarzyna;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J.;  Sfravara, Felice;  Brown, Christopher A.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('6','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Dynamic wettability of complex fractal isotropic surfaces \u2013 Multiscale correlations<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 214, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2026<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_6\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('6','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_6\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('6','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_6\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Peta2026,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Dynamic wettability of complex fractal isotropic surfaces \\textendash Multiscale correlations},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Katarzyna Peta and Krzysztof J. Kubiak and Felice Sfravara and Christopher A. Brown},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2025.111145},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2026},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2026-02-00},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2026-02-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {214},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('6','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_6\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2025.111145\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2025.111145\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2025.111145<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('6','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">2.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Omar, Alaaeddin Al Sheikh;  Ahmad, Khurshid;  Lodhi, Ajay Pratap Singh;  Wang, Chun;  Kubiak, Krzysztof;  Morina, Ardian<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">APTES nanofilm manufacturing using sliding interfaces<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 239, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 9, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 1246\u20131257, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2025<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2041-305X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_2\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_2\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_2\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/index.php\/publications\/?tgid=4\" title=\"Show all publications which have a relationship to this tag\">Tribology<\/a><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{AlSheikhOmar2025,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {APTES nanofilm manufacturing using sliding interfaces},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Alaaeddin Al Sheikh Omar and Khurshid Ahmad and Ajay Pratap Singh Lodhi and Chun Wang and Krzysztof Kubiak and Ardian Morina},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1177\/13506501251349355},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2041-305X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2025},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2025-09-00},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2025-09-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {239},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {9},<br \/>\r\npages = {1246--1257},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {SAGE Publications},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {\\&lt;jats:p\\&gt;Harnessing tribochemical reactions at sliding interfaces has been proposed to provide an alternative perspective for manufacturing well-defined nanostructures for applications other than tribology. This approach provides a new notion of employing tribology to create nanofilms for applications such as micro\/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS\/NEMS). In this study, the ball-on-disc mini traction machine (MTM) was used to manufacture conductive tribofilms by using the 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as a precursor. Different rotation speeds were applied to evaluate the tribofilm growth at different lubrication regimes, including boundary and mixed regimes. The results confirmed the ability to manufacture thick tribofilm using APTES on steel surfaces. Tribofilm characterisation using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the tribofilms\u2019 formation and thickness. The film thickness of APTES reached up to 300\u2005nm compared to 100\u2005nm of ZDDP tribofilm without damaging the contact surface. The AFM analysis showed the conductivity of the formed APTES tribofilm compared to the nonconductive ZDDP tribofilm.\\&lt;\/jats:p\\&gt;},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {Tribology},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">&lt;jats:p&gt;Harnessing tribochemical reactions at sliding interfaces has been proposed to provide an alternative perspective for manufacturing well-defined nanostructures for applications other than tribology. This approach provides a new notion of employing tribology to create nanofilms for applications such as micro\/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS\/NEMS). In this study, the ball-on-disc mini traction machine (MTM) was used to manufacture conductive tribofilms by using the 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as a precursor. Different rotation speeds were applied to evaluate the tribofilm growth at different lubrication regimes, including boundary and mixed regimes. The results confirmed the ability to manufacture thick tribofilm using APTES on steel surfaces. Tribofilm characterisation using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the tribofilms\u2019 formation and thickness. The film thickness of APTES reached up to 300\u2005nm compared to 100\u2005nm of ZDDP tribofilm without damaging the contact surface. The AFM analysis showed the conductivity of the formed APTES tribofilm compared to the nonconductive ZDDP tribofilm.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_2\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/13506501251349355\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1177\/13506501251349355\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1177\/13506501251349355<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('2','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">3.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Duston, S;  Oliver, R A;  Kubiak, K J;  Wang, Y;  Wang, C;  Morina, A<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Tribological manufacturing of ZDDP tribofilms functionalised by graphene nanoplatelets<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">J. Phys. Mater., <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 7, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 4, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2024<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2515-7639<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_3\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_3\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_3\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Duston2024,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Tribological manufacturing of ZDDP tribofilms functionalised by graphene nanoplatelets},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {S Duston and R A Oliver and K J Kubiak and Y Wang and C Wang and A Morina},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1088\/2515-7639\/ad6930},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2515-7639},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2024},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2024-10-01},<br \/>\r\njournal = {J. Phys. Mater.},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {7},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {4},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {IOP Publishing},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><br \/>\n               <jats:p>3D Tribo-Nanoprinting (3D TNP), which uses a highly controllable tribological contact to deposit tribofilms, has been proposed as a manufacturing method for nanoscale structures. Inspired by this, we show for the first time, as a proof of concept, the ability to electrically functionalise tribofilms for potential use in the manufacture of structures with nanoscale thickness. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) tribofilms have been generated to include varying concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) resulting in them becoming electrically conductive when tested using conductive atomic force microscopy. In its highest GNP concentration, approximately 55% of the surface of the tribofilm was able to sustain current up to a threshold of 245 pA. The higher graphene content led to a suppression in film formation and decreased substrate coverage. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a dual-layered tribofilm with a carbon-rich layer above a pure layer of ZDDP tribofilm. Within the carbon-rich layer, the GNPs formed into scrolls which created an internal network through which current could flow, being limited by the insulating pure ZDDP layer at the film-substrate interface, and the presence of surface graphene sheets. A modified lateral force microscopy procedure supported the presence of surface graphene sheets. Despite limited deposition precision in terms of homogeneity and distribution of the tribofilms, this work provides a step towards the use of 3D TNP for the manufacture of electronic structures on the nanoscale by proving that tribofilms can be functionalised by the addition of particle additives.<\/jats:p>},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\"><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><br \/>\n               <jats:p>3D Tribo-Nanoprinting (3D TNP), which uses a highly controllable tribological contact to deposit tribofilms, has been proposed as a manufacturing method for nanoscale structures. Inspired by this, we show for the first time, as a proof of concept, the ability to electrically functionalise tribofilms for potential use in the manufacture of structures with nanoscale thickness. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) tribofilms have been generated to include varying concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) resulting in them becoming electrically conductive when tested using conductive atomic force microscopy. In its highest GNP concentration, approximately 55% of the surface of the tribofilm was able to sustain current up to a threshold of 245 pA. The higher graphene content led to a suppression in film formation and decreased substrate coverage. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a dual-layered tribofilm with a carbon-rich layer above a pure layer of ZDDP tribofilm. Within the carbon-rich layer, the GNPs formed into scrolls which created an internal network through which current could flow, being limited by the insulating pure ZDDP layer at the film-substrate interface, and the presence of surface graphene sheets. A modified lateral force microscopy procedure supported the presence of surface graphene sheets. Despite limited deposition precision in terms of homogeneity and distribution of the tribofilms, this work provides a step towards the use of 3D TNP for the manufacture of electronic structures on the nanoscale by proving that tribofilms can be functionalised by the addition of particle additives.<\/jats:p><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_3\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7639\/ad6930\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1088\/2515-7639\/ad6930\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1088\/2515-7639\/ad6930<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('3','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">4.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Wojciechowski, \u0141.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Boncel, S.;  Marek, A.;  Gapi\u0144ski, B.;  Runka, T.;  J\u0119drysiak, R.;  Ruczka, S.;  B\u0142aszkiewicz, P.;  Mathia, T. G.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('4','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Towards the superlubricity of polymer\u2013steel interfaces with ionic liquids and carbon nanotubes<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 191, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2024<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_4\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('4','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_4\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('4','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_4\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Wojciechowski2024,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Towards the superlubricity of polymer\\textendashsteel interfaces with ionic liquids and carbon nanotubes},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {\\L. Wojciechowski and K.J. Kubiak and S. Boncel and A. Marek and B. Gapi\\'{n}ski and T. Runka and R. J\\k{e}drysiak and S. Ruczka and P. B\\laszkiewicz and T.G. Mathia},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2023.109203},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2024},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2024-03-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {191},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('4','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_4\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2023.109203\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2023.109203\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2023.109203<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('4','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">5.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Rapiejko, Cezary;  Mikusek, Dominik;  Januszewicz, Bart\u0142omiej;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J.;  Pacyniak, Tadeusz<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Refinement of the Magnesium\u2013Aluminium Alloy Microstructure with Zirconium<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Materials, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 15, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 24, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2022<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 1996-1944<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_5\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_5\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_5\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_5\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Rapiejko2022,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Refinement of the Magnesium\\textendashAluminium Alloy Microstructure with Zirconium},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Cezary Rapiejko and Dominik Mikusek and Bart\\lomiej Januszewicz and Krzysztof J. Kubiak and Tadeusz Pacyniak},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.3390\/ma15248982},<br \/>\r\nissn = {1996-1944},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2022},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2022-12-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Materials},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {15},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {24},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {MDPI AG},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {<jats:p>The magnesium\\textendashaluminium alloy AZ91 was inoculated with zirconium to refine the microstructure. Six different concentrations of zirconium content were tested, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 wt %, and compared to the baseline AZ91 alloy without modification. Melted metal was poured into a preheated ceramic mould and the temperature was measured and recorded during the solidification. The derivative and thermal analysis (DTA) was performed to compare the crystallisation dynamics. Formed microstructure was analysed using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (XRD). The chemical composition was measured using an arc spectrometer. The time of solidification was shortened for the samples with a concentration of zirconium 0.3 wt % and the microstructure was refined. The level of grain refinement remained below 10% and the grain shape was changed to more spherical shapes. Both the primary magnesium and eutectic phases were modified. However, at a low concentration of zirconium (0.1 and 0.2 wt %), the primary grain size was increased. Therefore, the optimal zirconium concentration was 0.3 wt %. Larger concentrations (0.4 to 0.6 wt %) did not provide any additional benefit. Theoretical analysis showed that some Al3Zr intermetallic phases can form, which was confirmed on the derivate curve of the thermal analysis, and SEM-EDS and XRD analyses.<\/jats:p>},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_5\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\"><jats:p>The magnesium\u2013aluminium alloy AZ91 was inoculated with zirconium to refine the microstructure. Six different concentrations of zirconium content were tested, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 wt %, and compared to the baseline AZ91 alloy without modification. Melted metal was poured into a preheated ceramic mould and the temperature was measured and recorded during the solidification. The derivative and thermal analysis (DTA) was performed to compare the crystallisation dynamics. Formed microstructure was analysed using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (XRD). The chemical composition was measured using an arc spectrometer. The time of solidification was shortened for the samples with a concentration of zirconium 0.3 wt % and the microstructure was refined. The level of grain refinement remained below 10% and the grain shape was changed to more spherical shapes. Both the primary magnesium and eutectic phases were modified. However, at a low concentration of zirconium (0.1 and 0.2 wt %), the primary grain size was increased. Therefore, the optimal zirconium concentration was 0.3 wt %. Larger concentrations (0.4 to 0.6 wt %) did not provide any additional benefit. Theoretical analysis showed that some Al3Zr intermetallic phases can form, which was confirmed on the derivate curve of the thermal analysis, and SEM-EDS and XRD analyses.<\/jats:p><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_5\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15248982\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.3390\/ma15248982\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.3390\/ma15248982<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('5','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">6.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Altwieb, Miftah;  Mishra, Rakesh;  Aliyu, Aliyu M.;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Heat Transfer Enhancement by Perforated and Louvred Fin Heat Exchangers<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Energies, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 15, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 2, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2022<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 1996-1073<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_7\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_7\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_7\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_7\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Altwieb2022,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Heat Transfer Enhancement by Perforated and Louvred Fin Heat Exchangers},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Miftah Altwieb and Rakesh Mishra and Aliyu M. Aliyu and Krzysztof J. Kubiak},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.3390\/en15020400},<br \/>\r\nissn = {1996-1073},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2022},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2022-01-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Energies},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {15},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {2},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {MDPI AG},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {<jats:p>Multi-tube multi-fin heat exchangers are extensively used in various industries. In the current work, detailed experimental investigations were carried out to establish the flow\/heat transfer characteristics in three distinct heat exchanger geometries. A novel perforated plain fin design was developed, and its performance was evaluated against standard plain and louvred fins designs. Experimental setups were designed, and the tests were carefully carried out which enabled quantification of the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. In the experiments the average velocity of air was varied in the range of 0.7 m\/s to 4 m\/s corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 600 to 2650. The water side flow rates in the tubes were kept at 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.3, and 0.36 m3\/h corresponding to Reynolds numbers between 6000 and 30,000. It was found that the louvred fins produced the highest heat transfer rate due to the availability of higher surface area, but it also produced the highest pressure drops. Conversely, while the new perforated design produced a slightly higher pressure drop than the plain fin design, it gave a higher value of heat transfer rate than the plain fin especially at the lower liquid flow rates. Specifically, the louvred fin gave consistently high pressure drops, up to 3 to 4 times more than the plain and perforated models at 4 m\/s air flow, however, the heat transfer enhancement was only about 11% and 13% over the perforated and plain fin models, respectively. The mean heat transfer rate and pressure drops were used to calculate the Colburn and Fanning friction factors. Two novel semiempirical relationships were derived for the heat exchanger\u2019s Fanning and Colburn factors as functions of the non-dimensional fin surface area and the Reynolds number. It was demonstrated that the Colburn and Fanning factors were predicted by the new correlations to within \u00b115% of the experiments.<\/jats:p>},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_7\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\"><jats:p>Multi-tube multi-fin heat exchangers are extensively used in various industries. In the current work, detailed experimental investigations were carried out to establish the flow\/heat transfer characteristics in three distinct heat exchanger geometries. A novel perforated plain fin design was developed, and its performance was evaluated against standard plain and louvred fins designs. Experimental setups were designed, and the tests were carefully carried out which enabled quantification of the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. In the experiments the average velocity of air was varied in the range of 0.7 m\/s to 4 m\/s corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 600 to 2650. The water side flow rates in the tubes were kept at 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.3, and 0.36 m3\/h corresponding to Reynolds numbers between 6000 and 30,000. It was found that the louvred fins produced the highest heat transfer rate due to the availability of higher surface area, but it also produced the highest pressure drops. Conversely, while the new perforated design produced a slightly higher pressure drop than the plain fin design, it gave a higher value of heat transfer rate than the plain fin especially at the lower liquid flow rates. Specifically, the louvred fin gave consistently high pressure drops, up to 3 to 4 times more than the plain and perforated models at 4 m\/s air flow, however, the heat transfer enhancement was only about 11% and 13% over the perforated and plain fin models, respectively. The mean heat transfer rate and pressure drops were used to calculate the Colburn and Fanning friction factors. Two novel semiempirical relationships were derived for the heat exchanger\u2019s Fanning and Colburn factors as functions of the non-dimensional fin surface area and the Reynolds number. It was demonstrated that the Colburn and Fanning factors were predicted by the new correlations to within \u00b115% of the experiments.<\/jats:p><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_7\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/en15020400\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.3390\/en15020400\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.3390\/en15020400<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('7','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_proceedings\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">7.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Gulati, Komal;  Kubiak, Krzysztof<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Create a Virtual Learning Environment to Test and Validate the behaviour of Autonomous Vehicles<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  proceedings\">Proceedings<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_publisher\">FISITA, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2021<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_41\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_41\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_41\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_41\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@proceedings{2021,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Create a Virtual Learning Environment to Test and Validate the behaviour of Autonomous Vehicles},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Komal Gulati and Krzysztof Kubiak},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.46720\/f2021-acm-114},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2021},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2021-09-30},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2021-09-30},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {FISITA},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {\\&lt;jats:p\\&gt;\"Climate change and the need for renewable energy are driving the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, however, concerns about road safety still remain. To address this issue and provide better safety and increased mobility there is a need for the development of autonomous vehicle technology and now the automotive industry is heading towards bringing fully autonomous vehicles on the public roads in the next few decades. The major concern with these technology-driven vehicles is testing of autonomous vehicles on public roads as no human intervention would be allowed while driving and this may involve some risk for the driver and the surrounding environment as any error or fault in the system may lead to damage of that environment, loss of manufacturing cost, time, energy and even severe accidents could lead to loss of life. In addition, these vehicles consist of more complex design than traditional vehicles and thus comparatively would require billions of miles of testing. Considering the above factors, the industry has come up with the solutions to test these vehicles in a virtual environment first using the software in the loop approach.   This concept is still in development and therefore this paper aims to develop a virtual learning environment where the performance of the control algorithms for an autonomous vehicle can be tested and validated under different driving scenarios.   Rigorous research was first carried out to find out the available testing methods and software for performing simulations using different algorithms imposed on the software model for object and path detection. Based on this review a modeling design approach was chosen to perform simulations in MATLAB software. Different driving test scenarios such as a roundabout and a parking lot were created in the Automated Driving System Toolbox and simulation was run in Simulink to test the behaviour of vehicle model in terms of Automated Emergency Braking, Lateral Control, Cruise Control and results were observed and analyzed in Bird\u2019s Eye Scope view and in 3-Dimensional Environment using Unreal Engine. Sensor Fusion technique was used to obtain more precise and accurate results. Vehicle dynamics of the model were also tested in order to compare the stability of the vehicle on the basis of Kinematic and Dynamic Model respectively. The functionality provided by the software was fully explored and relevant results were presented. This paper is focusing on building a flexible virtual testing environment that can be easily deployed by SME\u2019s and start-up companies to develop and test autonomous driving algorithms using the software in the loop approach.\"\\&lt;\/jats:p\\&gt;},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {proceedings}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_41\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">&lt;jats:p&gt;&quot;Climate change and the need for renewable energy are driving the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, however, concerns about road safety still remain. To address this issue and provide better safety and increased mobility there is a need for the development of autonomous vehicle technology and now the automotive industry is heading towards bringing fully autonomous vehicles on the public roads in the next few decades. The major concern with these technology-driven vehicles is testing of autonomous vehicles on public roads as no human intervention would be allowed while driving and this may involve some risk for the driver and the surrounding environment as any error or fault in the system may lead to damage of that environment, loss of manufacturing cost, time, energy and even severe accidents could lead to loss of life. In addition, these vehicles consist of more complex design than traditional vehicles and thus comparatively would require billions of miles of testing. Considering the above factors, the industry has come up with the solutions to test these vehicles in a virtual environment first using the software in the loop approach.   This concept is still in development and therefore this paper aims to develop a virtual learning environment where the performance of the control algorithms for an autonomous vehicle can be tested and validated under different driving scenarios.   Rigorous research was first carried out to find out the available testing methods and software for performing simulations using different algorithms imposed on the software model for object and path detection. Based on this review a modeling design approach was chosen to perform simulations in MATLAB software. Different driving test scenarios such as a roundabout and a parking lot were created in the Automated Driving System Toolbox and simulation was run in Simulink to test the behaviour of vehicle model in terms of Automated Emergency Braking, Lateral Control, Cruise Control and results were observed and analyzed in Bird\u2019s Eye Scope view and in 3-Dimensional Environment using Unreal Engine. Sensor Fusion technique was used to obtain more precise and accurate results. Vehicle dynamics of the model were also tested in order to compare the stability of the vehicle on the basis of Kinematic and Dynamic Model respectively. The functionality provided by the software was fully explored and relevant results were presented. This paper is focusing on building a flexible virtual testing environment that can be easily deployed by SME\u2019s and start-up companies to develop and test autonomous driving algorithms using the software in the loop approach.&quot;&lt;\/jats:p&gt;<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_41\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.46720\/f2021-acm-114\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.46720\/f2021-acm-114\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.46720\/f2021-acm-114<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('41','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">8.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Wei, Dongbo;  Li, Fengkun;  Wei, Xiangfei;  Liskiewicz, Tomasz;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J;  Zhang, Pingze<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Microstructure, nano-mechanical characterization, and fretting wear behavior of plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying on \u03b3-TiAl<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 235, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 5, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 1012\u20131024, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2021<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2041-305X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_9\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_9\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_9\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_9\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Wei2020,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Microstructure, nano-mechanical characterization, and fretting wear behavior of plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying on \u03b3-TiAl},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Dongbo Wei and Fengkun Li and Xiangfei Wei and Tomasz Liskiewicz and Krzysztof J Kubiak and Pingze Zhang},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1177\/1350650120939835},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2041-305X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2021},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2021-05-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {235},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {5},<br \/>\r\npages = {1012--1024},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {SAGE Publications},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {<jats:p> In this study, surface Cr-Nb alloying was realized on \u03b3-TiAl using double glow plasma hollow cathode discharge technique. An inter-diffusion layer was generated under the surface, composed of Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Nb intermetallic compounds. After Cr-Nb alloying, the surface nanohardness of \u03b3-TiAl increased from 5.65 to 11.61\u2009GPa. The surface H\/E and H<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/E<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increased from 3.37 to 5.98 and from 0.64 to 4.15, respectively. Cr-Nb alloying and its effect on fretting wear were investigated. The surface treatment resulted in improved plastic deformation and fretting wear resistance of \u03b3-TiAl. The fretting wear test showed that an average friction coefficient of \u03b3-TiAl against Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ball was significantly decreased after Cr-Nb alloying. The fluctuation of friction coefficient during running-in stage was significantly improved. The friction behavior of both \u03b3-TiAl before and after Cr-Nb alloying could be divided into distinctive stages including formation of debris, flaking, formation of crack, and delamination. It was observed that the high hardness, resistance to plastic deformation, and fatigue resistance of \u03b3-TiAl after Cr-Nb alloying could inhibit the formation of debris and delamination during friction test. The fretting wear scar area and the maximum wear scar depth were decreased, indicating that the wear resistance of \u03b3-TiAl has been greatly improved after Cr-Nb alloying. The results indicated that plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying is an effective way for improving the fretting wear resistance of \u03b3-TiAl in aviation area. <\/jats:p>},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_9\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\"><jats:p> In this study, surface Cr-Nb alloying was realized on \u03b3-TiAl using double glow plasma hollow cathode discharge technique. An inter-diffusion layer was generated under the surface, composed of Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Nb intermetallic compounds. After Cr-Nb alloying, the surface nanohardness of \u03b3-TiAl increased from 5.65 to 11.61\u2009GPa. The surface H\/E and H<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/E<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increased from 3.37 to 5.98 and from 0.64 to 4.15, respectively. Cr-Nb alloying and its effect on fretting wear were investigated. The surface treatment resulted in improved plastic deformation and fretting wear resistance of \u03b3-TiAl. The fretting wear test showed that an average friction coefficient of \u03b3-TiAl against Si<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ball was significantly decreased after Cr-Nb alloying. The fluctuation of friction coefficient during running-in stage was significantly improved. The friction behavior of both \u03b3-TiAl before and after Cr-Nb alloying could be divided into distinctive stages including formation of debris, flaking, formation of crack, and delamination. It was observed that the high hardness, resistance to plastic deformation, and fatigue resistance of \u03b3-TiAl after Cr-Nb alloying could inhibit the formation of debris and delamination during friction test. The fretting wear scar area and the maximum wear scar depth were decreased, indicating that the wear resistance of \u03b3-TiAl has been greatly improved after Cr-Nb alloying. The results indicated that plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying is an effective way for improving the fretting wear resistance of \u03b3-TiAl in aviation area. <\/jats:p><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_9\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1350650120939835\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1177\/1350650120939835\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1177\/1350650120939835<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('9','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">9.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Altwieb, Miftah;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J.;  Aliyu, Aliyu M.;  Mishra, Rakesh<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('8','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">A new three-dimensional CFD model for efficiency optimisation of fluid-to-air multi-fin heat exchanger<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 19, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2020<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2451-9049<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_8\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('8','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_8\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('8','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_8\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Altwieb2020,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {A new three-dimensional CFD model for efficiency optimisation of fluid-to-air multi-fin heat exchanger},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Miftah Altwieb and Krzysztof J. Kubiak and Aliyu M. Aliyu and Rakesh Mishra},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.tsep.2020.100658},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2451-9049},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2020},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2020-10-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Thermal Science and Engineering Progress},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {19},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('8','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_8\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsep.2020.100658\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.tsep.2020.100658\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.tsep.2020.100658<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('8','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">10.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Liskiewicz, T. W.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Mann, D. L.;  Mathia, T. G.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('10','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Analysis of surface roughness morphology with TRIZ methodology in automotive electrical contacts: Design against third body fretting-corrosion<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 143, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2020<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_10\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('10','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_10\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('10','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_10\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Liskiewicz2020,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Analysis of surface roughness morphology with TRIZ methodology in automotive electrical contacts: Design against third body fretting-corrosion},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {T.W. Liskiewicz and K.J. Kubiak and D.L. Mann and T.G. Mathia},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2019.106019},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2020},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2020-03-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {143},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('10','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_10\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2019.106019\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2019.106019\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2019.106019<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('10','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">11.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Jackson, Frankie F.;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J.;  Wilson, Mark C. T.;  Molinari, Marco;  Stetsyuk, Viacheslav<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('11','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Droplet Misalignment Limit for Inkjet Printing into Cavities on Textured Surfaces<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Langmuir, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 35, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 29, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 9564\u20139571, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2019<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 1520-5827<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_11\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('11','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_11\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('11','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_11\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Jackson2019,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Droplet Misalignment Limit for Inkjet Printing into Cavities on Textured Surfaces},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Frankie F. Jackson and Krzysztof J. Kubiak and Mark C. T. Wilson and Marco Molinari and Viacheslav Stetsyuk},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b00649},<br \/>\r\nissn = {1520-5827},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2019},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2019-07-23},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Langmuir},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {35},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {29},<br \/>\r\npages = {9564--9571},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('11','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_11\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b00649\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b00649\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b00649<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('11','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">12.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Hristov, P. O.;  DiazDelaO, F. A.;  Farooq, U.;  Kubiak, K. J.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('13','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Adaptive Gaussian process emulators for efficient reliability analysis<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Applied Mathematical Modelling, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 71, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 138\u2013151, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2019<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0307-904X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_13\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('13','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_13\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('13','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_13\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Hristov2019b,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Adaptive Gaussian process emulators for efficient reliability analysis},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {P.O. Hristov and F.A. DiazDelaO and U. Farooq and K.J. Kubiak},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.apm.2019.02.014},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0307-904X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2019},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2019-07-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Applied Mathematical Modelling},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {71},<br \/>\r\npages = {138--151},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('13','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_13\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apm.2019.02.014\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.apm.2019.02.014\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.apm.2019.02.014<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('13','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">13.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Stetsyuk, Viacheslav;  Kubiak, Krzysztof J;  Liu, Lande;  Chai, John C<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">An alternative approach to evaluate the average Nusselt number for mixed boundary layer conditions in parallel flow over an isothermal flat plate<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 46, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 3, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 241\u2013251, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2018<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2050-4586<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_14\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_14\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_14\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_14\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Stetsyuk2017,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {An alternative approach to evaluate the average Nusselt number for mixed boundary layer conditions in parallel flow over an isothermal flat plate},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Viacheslav Stetsyuk and Krzysztof J Kubiak and Lande Liu and John C Chai},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1177\/0306419017743214},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2050-4586},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2018},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2018-07-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {46},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {3},<br \/>\r\npages = {241--251},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {SAGE Publications},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {<jats:p> In this paper, we present an alternative approach to evaluate the average Nusselt number for mixed boundary layer conditions in parallel flow over an isothermal flat plate. This approach can be used regardless of the critical Reynolds number where the flow transitions from laminar flow to turbulent flow. This approach is simple and uses graphical visualisation of the physical situation. This should assist comprehension and retention. It utilises the average quantity for the laminar boundary layer and the average value for turbulent boundary layer to obtain the average quantities for mixed boundary layers without the need to perform the usual integration. It can easily be incorporated into part of undergraduate chemical, mechanical and petroleum engineering curricula. A worked example is included to show the utility of the approach. <\/jats:p>},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_14\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\"><jats:p> In this paper, we present an alternative approach to evaluate the average Nusselt number for mixed boundary layer conditions in parallel flow over an isothermal flat plate. This approach can be used regardless of the critical Reynolds number where the flow transitions from laminar flow to turbulent flow. This approach is simple and uses graphical visualisation of the physical situation. This should assist comprehension and retention. It utilises the average quantity for the laminar boundary layer and the average value for turbulent boundary layer to obtain the average quantities for mixed boundary layers without the need to perform the usual integration. It can easily be incorporated into part of undergraduate chemical, mechanical and petroleum engineering curricula. A worked example is included to show the utility of the approach. <\/jats:p><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_14\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0306419017743214\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1177\/0306419017743214\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1177\/0306419017743214<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('14','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">14.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Wojciechowski, L.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Mathia, T. G.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('15','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Impact of morphological furrows as lubricant reservoir on creation of oleophilic and oleophobic behaviour of metallic surfaces in scuffing<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 116, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 320\u2013328, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2017<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_15\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('15','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_15\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('15','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_15\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Wojciechowski2017,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Impact of morphological furrows as lubricant reservoir on creation of oleophilic and oleophobic behaviour of metallic surfaces in scuffing},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {L. Wojciechowski and K.J. Kubiak and T.G. Mathia},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2017.07.020},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2017},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2017-12-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {116},<br \/>\r\npages = {320--328},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('15','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_15\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2017.07.020\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2017.07.020\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2017.07.020<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('15','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">15.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Liskiewicz, T.;  Kubiak, K.;  Comyn, T.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('16','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Nano-indentation mapping of fretting-induced surface layers<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 108, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 186\u2013193, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2017<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_16\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('16','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_16\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('16','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_16\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Liskiewicz2017,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Nano-indentation mapping of fretting-induced surface layers},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {T. Liskiewicz and K. Kubiak and T. Comyn},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2016.10.018},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2017},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2017-04-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {108},<br \/>\r\npages = {186--193},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('16','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_16\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2016.10.018\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2016.10.018\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2016.10.018<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('16','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">16.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Khatir, Z.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Jimack, P. K.;  Mathia, T. G.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('17','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Dropwise condensation heat transfer process optimisation on superhydrophobic surfaces using a multi-disciplinary approach<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Applied Thermal Engineering, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 106, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 1337\u20131344, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2016<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 1359-4311<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_17\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('17','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_17\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('17','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_17\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Khatir2016,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Dropwise condensation heat transfer process optimisation on superhydrophobic surfaces using a multi-disciplinary approach},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Z. Khatir and K.J. Kubiak and P.K. Jimack and T.G. Mathia},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.128},<br \/>\r\nissn = {1359-4311},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2016},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2016-08-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Applied Thermal Engineering},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {106},<br \/>\r\npages = {1337--1344},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('17','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_17\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.128\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.128\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.128<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('17','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">17.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Wojciechowski, L.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Mathia, T. G.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('18','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Roughness and wettability of surfaces in boundary lubricated scuffing wear<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 93, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 593\u2013601, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2016<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_18\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('18','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_18\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('18','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_18\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Wojciechowski2016,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Roughness and wettability of surfaces in boundary lubricated scuffing wear},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {L. Wojciechowski and K.J. Kubiak and T.G. Mathia},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2015.04.013},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2016},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2016-01-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {93},<br \/>\r\npages = {593--601},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('18','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_18\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2015.04.013\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2015.04.013\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2015.04.013<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('18','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">18.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Hubert, C.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Bigerelle, M.;  Dubois, A.;  Dubar, L.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('20','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Identification of lubrication regime on textured surfaces by multi-scale decomposition<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 82, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 375\u2013386, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2015<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_20\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('20','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_20\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('20','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_20\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Hubert2015,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Identification of lubrication regime on textured surfaces by multi-scale decomposition},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {C. Hubert and K.J. Kubiak and M. Bigerelle and A. Dubois and L. Dubar},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.04.035},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2015},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2015-02-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {82},<br \/>\r\npages = {375--386},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('20','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_20\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.04.035\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.04.035\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.04.035<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('20','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">19.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Pawlak, W.;  Kubiak, K. J.;  Wendler, B. G.;  Mathia, T. G.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('21','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Wear resistant multilayer nanocomposite WC1\u2212x\/C coating on Ti\u20136Al\u20134V titanium alloy<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Tribology International, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 82, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 400\u2013406, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2015<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 0301-679X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_21\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('21','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_21\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('21','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_21\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Pawlak2015,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Wear resistant multilayer nanocomposite WC1\u2212x\/C coating on Ti\\textendash6Al\\textendash4V titanium alloy},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {W. Pawlak and K.J. Kubiak and B.G. Wendler and T.G. Mathia},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.05.030},<br \/>\r\nissn = {0301-679X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2015},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2015-02-00},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Tribology International},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {82},<br \/>\r\npages = {400--406},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Elsevier BV},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('21','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_21\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.05.030\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.05.030\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1016\/j.triboint.2014.05.030<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('21','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_article\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">20.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Fischer, G;  Bigerelle, M;  Kubiak, K J;  Mathia, T G;  Khatir, Z;  Anselme, K<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('19','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Wetting of anisotropic sinusoidal surfaces\u2014experimental and numerical study of directional spreading<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  article\">Journal Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_journal\">Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop., <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_volume\">vol. 2, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_number\">no. 4, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2014<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2051-672X<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_19\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('19','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_19\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('19','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_pub_tags_label\">Tags: <\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_19\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@article{Fischer2014,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Wetting of anisotropic sinusoidal surfaces\\textemdashexperimental and numerical study of directional spreading},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {G Fischer and M Bigerelle and K J Kubiak and T G Mathia and Z Khatir and K Anselme},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1088\/2051-672x\/2\/4\/044003},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2051-672X},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2014},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2014-10-01},<br \/>\r\njournal = {Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.},<br \/>\r\nvolume = {2},<br \/>\r\nnumber = {4},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {IOP Publishing},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {article}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('19','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_19\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1088\/2051-672x\/2\/4\/044003\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1088\/2051-672x\/2\/4\/044003\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1088\/2051-672x\/2\/4\/044003<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('19','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tablenav\"><div class=\"tablenav-pages\"><span class=\"displaying-num\">40 entries<\/span> <a class=\"page-numbers button disabled\">&laquo;<\/a> <a class=\"page-numbers button disabled\">&lsaquo;<\/a> 1 of 2 <a href=\"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/index.php\/publications\/?limit=2&amp;tgid=&amp;yr=&amp;type=&amp;usr=&amp;auth=&amp;tsr=\" title=\"next page\" class=\"page-numbers button\">&rsaquo;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kubiak.uk\/index.php\/publications\/?limit=2&amp;tgid=&amp;yr=&amp;type=&amp;usr=&amp;auth=&amp;tsr=\" title=\"last page\" class=\"page-numbers button\">&raquo;<\/a> <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4460","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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